sitoplasm

Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles. It is enclosed by the cell membrane. The cytoplasm is composed mainly of water, salts, and organic molecules. Within the cytoplasm, various cellular processes take place, including metabolism, cell division, and signal transduction.

The cytoplasm contains several key components. The cytosol is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm, where many dissolved molecules and ions are found. Suspended within the cytosol are organelles, which are specialized structures within the cell that perform specific functions. These include the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes, among others, depending on the cell type.

The cytoplasm plays a vital role in maintaining the cell's shape and providing a medium for the transport of substances within the cell. It also serves as a scaffold for the cytoskeleton, a network of protein filaments that gives the cell structural support and facilitates movement. The dynamic nature of the cytoplasm allows for rapid responses to internal and external stimuli, making it essential for cell viability and function. In prokaryotic cells, which lack membrane-bound organelles, the cytoplasm is where all cellular activities occur.