ribosómicas

Ribosómicas refers to anything related to ribosomes. Ribosomes are cellular machines responsible for protein synthesis in all living cells. They are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. Ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm and on the endoplasmic reticulum of eukaryotic cells, and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.

The process of protein synthesis, also known as translation, occurs on ribosomes. During translation, messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome. The ribosome then reads this code in three-nucleotide units called codons. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring specific amino acids to the ribosome, matching them to the mRNA codons. The ribosome catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between these amino acids, creating a polypeptide chain that folds into a functional protein.

Ribosomal subunits, typically referred to as small and large subunits, assemble on the mRNA to initiate translation. After protein synthesis is complete, the subunits dissociate. Ribosomal abnormalities can lead to various diseases, and many antibiotics target bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis and prevent bacterial growth. The study of ribosomes and their function is crucial to understanding fundamental biological processes and developing new therapeutic strategies.