riboszómában

Riboszóma is a Hungarian word that translates to "ribosome" in English. A ribosome is a complex molecular machine found within all living cells that serves as the primary site of biological protein synthesis. Ribosomes link amino acids together in the order specified by messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules during the process of translation. They are composed of two major subunits, a large subunit and a small subunit, both of which are made up of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins.

The small subunit is responsible for binding to the mRNA molecule and initiating the process of translation. It reads the genetic code on the mRNA in the form of codons, which are sequences of three nucleotides. The large subunit then binds to the small subunit and is responsible for catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids, thereby elongating the polypeptide chain.

Ribosomes can be found freely floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Free ribosomes typically synthesize proteins that function within the cytoplasm, while ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum synthesize proteins destined for secretion, insertion into membranes, or delivery to organelles such as lysosomes. The precise location and function of ribosomes are crucial for the proper functioning of any cell.