pronátorok

Pronator muscles are a group of muscles in the forearm responsible for pronation, the rotational movement of the forearm that turns the palm downwards. These muscles originate from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the anterior surface of the ulna and radius.

The primary pronator muscles are the pronator teres and the pronator quadratus. The pronator teres is a two-headed muscle that arises from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the coronoid process of the ulna. It inserts on the lateral surface of the radius. Its action is to pronate the forearm and assist in elbow flexion.

The pronator quadratus is a small, flat muscle located in the distal forearm. It originates from the anterior surface of the distal ulna and inserts on the anterior surface of the distal radius. Its sole action is to pronate the forearm. This muscle plays a significant role in fine motor control of the wrist and hand.

Innervation for both pronator muscles is provided by the median nerve. The muscles work in conjunction with supinator muscles, which perform the opposite movement of supination (turning the palm upwards), to provide a full range of rotational movement to the forearm. Injuries to these muscles can result in pain and weakness in the forearm, affecting activities that require pronation.