postquantumSchlüsselaustauschverfahren

postquantumSecurity is a broad term encompassing the development of cryptographic systems that are resistant to attacks by quantum computers. Traditional cryptographic algorithms, such as RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography, rely on the difficulty of certain mathematical problems, like integer factorization or discrete logarithms, which are believed to be hard for classical computers. However, Shor's algorithm, a quantum algorithm, can solve these problems efficiently, rendering these current public-key cryptosystems vulnerable to a future quantum adversary.

The field of postquantum cryptography, also known as quantum-resistant cryptography, aims to develop new cryptographic primitives that are secure against both classical and quantum computers. Researchers are exploring several promising mathematical approaches. Lattice-based cryptography, code-based cryptography, hash-based cryptography, and multivariate polynomial cryptography are among the leading candidates. Each of these relies on different hard mathematical problems that are not known to be efficiently solvable by quantum computers.

Organizations like the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) are actively involved in standardizing postquantum cryptographic algorithms. NIST has been conducting a multi-year process to identify and select algorithms that will form the basis of future cryptographic standards. This standardization effort is crucial for enabling the widespread adoption of quantum-resistant solutions across various industries and applications. The transition to postquantum cryptography is a significant undertaking, requiring careful planning and implementation to ensure the continued security of digital communications and data in the quantum era.