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Polyoxyethylene (POE) refers to a class of polymers that are formed through the polymerization of ethylene oxide. These compounds are characterized by repeating units of the ethoxy group (-CH2CH2O-). The length of the polyoxyethylene chain can vary significantly, which in turn dictates the physical and chemical properties of the resulting polymer. Shorter chains tend to be more liquid-like, while longer chains are increasingly solid and waxy.

Polyoxyethylenes are known for their solubility in water and many organic solvents, a property that is directly related to the presence of the oxygen atoms in the polymer backbone, which can form hydrogen bonds. This solubility makes them useful in a variety of applications. They are commonly employed as surfactants, emulsifiers, and dispersing agents in products ranging from detergents and cosmetics to pharmaceuticals and industrial processes.

In the pharmaceutical industry, polyoxyethylenes can serve as excipients, helping to bind tablets, control drug release, or act as solubilizers for poorly soluble active ingredients. Their biocompatibility and low toxicity, when purified and of appropriate molecular weight, also contribute to their use in medical applications. Furthermore, polyoxyethylenes find use as lubricants, plasticizers, and as components in adhesives and coatings. The specific properties and applications of a polyoxyethylene are highly dependent on its molecular weight and any modifications made to its structure.