polymorphonucleair

Polymorphonucleair is a term used in biology and medicine, primarily in reference to white blood cells. It describes a type of leukocyte, a cell of the immune system, that has a nucleus with multiple lobes or segments. The term itself breaks down into "poly" meaning many, "morpho" meaning form, and "nucleair" referring to the nucleus. Therefore, polymorphonuclears are cells characterized by their unusually shaped, segmented nuclei.

The most common type of polymorphonuclear leukocyte is the neutrophil. Neutrophils play a crucial role in the innate immune system, acting as the first responders to sites of infection or inflammation. They are phagocytic cells, meaning they engulf and destroy bacteria, fungi, and cellular debris. Other types of polymorphonuclear leukocytes include eosinophils and basophils, which are involved in allergic responses and defense against parasites.

The presence and number of polymorphonuclears in the blood are important indicators in medical diagnostics. An elevated count, known as neutrophilia, can suggest an infection or inflammatory condition. Conversely, a decreased count, or neutropenia, can make an individual more susceptible to infections. The morphology of these cells, including the segmentation of their nuclei, is examined under a microscope to assess cell health and function.