póprzepuszczalnych

Póprzepuszczalnych is a Polish term that translates to "semi-permeable" in English. This describes a membrane or a barrier that allows certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion, and occasionally specialized facilitated diffusion, while others are blocked. The process is governed by the difference in the concentration of solutes on the two sides of the membrane.

Semi-permeable membranes are fundamental to many biological and chemical processes. In biology, cell membranes are a prime example. They regulate the passage of substances into and out of cells, maintaining cellular integrity and function. For instance, water can freely move across a cell membrane through osmosis, but larger molecules like proteins or complex carbohydrates are typically restricted.

In chemistry and industry, semi-permeable membranes are utilized in various separation techniques. Reverse osmosis, a process used for water purification and desalination, relies on forcing water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane, leaving behind dissolved salts and other impurities. Dialysis, both in medical and laboratory settings, also employs semi-permeable membranes to remove waste products from fluids. The pore size and chemical properties of the membrane determine which substances it will allow to pass and which it will retain.