péptido

Peptido is a term derived from "peptide," which refers to a short chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. These chains are fundamental building blocks of proteins, which are essential macromolecules for life. Peptides can vary in length, from just two amino acids (dipeptides) to fifty amino acids (polypeptides). Shorter chains are generally considered peptides, while longer ones are classified as proteins.

The synthesis of peptides occurs through the formation of a peptide bond, a covalent linkage between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another. This process is facilitated by ribosomes within cells during protein synthesis. Peptides play diverse roles in biological systems. Many act as hormones, regulating various physiological processes such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction. Examples include insulin and oxytocin. Others function as neurotransmitters, transmitting signals between nerve cells, like endorphins which are known for their pain-relieving effects.

Furthermore, some peptides exhibit antimicrobial properties, acting as defense mechanisms for organisms. Certain peptides are also utilized in therapeutic applications, either as drugs themselves or as components of drug delivery systems. The study of peptides, known as peptidology, is a significant area of biochemistry and molecular biology, contributing to our understanding of cellular function and the development of new medical treatments.