ortofosfaattiionin

The ortofosfaattiioni, also known as the phosphate ion, is a triatomic anion with the chemical formula PO4^3-. It is the conjugate base of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and plays a crucial role in numerous biological and chemical processes. In aqueous solutions, phosphoric acid can exist in three deprotonated forms: dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4^-), hydrogen phosphate (HPO4^2-), and the fully deprotonated ortofosfaattiioni (PO4^3-). The predominant form depends on the pH of the solution.

Ortopfosfaattiioni is an essential component of life. It is a fundamental building block of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and phospholipids, which form cell membranes. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency of cells, is a derivative of ortofosfaattiioni. In bone and teeth, it forms hydroxyapatite, providing structural integrity. Industrially, phosphate compounds are used in fertilizers, detergents, and as food additives for their buffering and emulsifying properties. The presence of ortofosfaattiioni in water bodies can lead to eutrophication due to its role as a nutrient for aquatic plants.