oncostatiin

Oncostatin M (OSM) is a cytokine belonging to the same family as leukemia inhibitory factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. It is primarily produced by activated T cells and monocytes, but can also be found in other cell types. OSM plays a role in various biological processes, including immune responses, inflammation, and cell growth and differentiation.

The functions of OSM are mediated by binding to its specific receptors, which are heterodimers composed of the OSM receptor beta subunit (OSMR beta) and either the gp130 or LIF receptor alpha subunit. This binding triggers intracellular signaling pathways, such as the JAK/STAT pathway, which ultimately lead to changes in gene expression.

In the immune system, OSM can influence the activity of T cells, B cells, and macrophages. It has been implicated in both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory roles depending on the cellular context. OSM also affects non-immune cells, influencing the proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes. Its role in tissue repair and remodeling has also been investigated.

Dysregulation of OSM signaling has been linked to various diseases, including inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders, and certain types of cancer. Research is ongoing to fully elucidate the complex roles of OSM in health and disease, and to explore its potential as a therapeutic target.