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Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell, specifically a granulocyte, that are a crucial part of the innate immune system. They are the most abundant type of white blood cell in mammals and are typically the first responders to sites of acute inflammation. Neutrophils are characterized by their multi-lobed nucleus and granular cytoplasm, which contains various enzymes and antimicrobial substances.

The primary function of neutrophils is phagocytosis, a process where they engulf and destroy invading microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. They also play a role in fighting viral infections and can contribute to the inflammatory response by releasing chemical mediators. Neutrophils are produced in the bone marrow and circulate in the blood. Upon detection of an inflammatory signal, they migrate from the bloodstream into tissues through a process called diapedesis.

Once at the site of infection or injury, neutrophils release their granular contents, which can kill pathogens directly or enhance the inflammatory response. They can also form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are web-like structures of DNA and proteins that ensnare and kill microbes. Although essential for defense, excessive or uncontrolled neutrophil activity can contribute to tissue damage in chronic inflammatory conditions. Their lifespan is relatively short, typically only a few days.