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Neutrino oscillation is a quantum mechanical phenomenon where a neutrino of one flavor can transform into a neutrino of another flavor. The three known flavors of neutrinos are the electron neutrino, the muon neutrino, and the tau neutrino. This oscillation occurs because neutrinos have mass, and their mass eigenstates are different from their flavor eigenstates. The probability of oscillation depends on the neutrino's energy, the distance it has traveled, and the squared differences of the neutrino mass squares. This phenomenon was experimentally confirmed by experiments like Super-Kamiokande and the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. The discovery of neutrino oscillations provided the first direct evidence that neutrinos have mass, which has significant implications for particle physics and cosmology. The precise measurement of neutrino oscillation parameters helps to constrain theories beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. Understanding neutrino oscillations is crucial for interpreting data from neutrino detectors searching for supernovae, probing the Sun's core, and studying atmospheric neutrinos.