myelinizál

Myelinization is a biological process in which myelin sheaths, composed of lipid-rich membranes, form around the axons of neurons. This process is crucial for the efficient transmission of electrical signals in the nervous system. Myelin sheaths act as insulators, allowing signals to travel faster and more effectively over long distances. The formation of myelin sheaths is a dynamic process that involves the interaction of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Myelinization begins during embryonic development and continues throughout life, with significant myelination occurring during childhood and adolescence. Dysmyelination, or the disruption of this process, can lead to various neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis, leukodystrophies, and peripheral neuropathies. Understanding the mechanisms of myelinization is essential for developing therapies to treat and prevent these conditions.