monohidrát

Monohidrát is a chemical term referring to a compound that contains one molecule of water per molecule of the compound. This water molecule is incorporated into the crystal structure of the substance. Such compounds are known as hydrates, and monohidrát specifically indicates a monohydrate. The presence of this water molecule can affect the physical properties of the compound, such as its solubility, melting point, and crystal shape.

Many chemical substances can form monohidrát versions. For example, copper sulfate commonly exists as copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O), but can also form a monohydrate (CuSO4·H2O). Similarly, calcium chloride can form a monohydrate (CaCl2·H2O). The term monohidrát is derived from Greek words: "mono" meaning one, and "hydor" meaning water. When a compound is referred to as a monohidrát, it signifies a specific stoichiometric relationship between the anhydrous compound and water.

The hydration state of a compound is important in various applications, including chemistry, pharmacy, and materials science. For instance, in pharmaceuticals, the crystalline form of an active ingredient, including its hydration state, can influence its bioavailability and stability. Therefore, identifying and controlling the formation of monohidrát or other hydrate forms is crucial in the development and manufacturing of many chemical products.