mikorrizat

Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a plant. The term mycorrhiza literally means "fungus root" in Greek. These associations are ubiquitous in nature, with estimates suggesting that over 90% of terrestrial plant species are involved in mycorrhizal relationships.

The fungus colonizes the root system of the host plant, either ectomycorrhiza where the fungal hyphae form a sheath around the root tips, or endomycorrhiza where the hyphae penetrate the plant cells. In exchange for carbohydrates, typically sugars produced by the plant through photosynthesis, the fungus provides the plant with essential nutrients and water absorbed from the soil. Fungal hyphae are much finer than plant roots and can explore a larger volume of soil, effectively extending the root system's reach. This nutrient uptake is particularly important for immobile nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen.

Mycorrhizal fungi also play a crucial role in soil structure, binding soil particles together with their hyphae, which can improve aeration and water infiltration. Furthermore, some mycorrhizal fungi can help protect plants from pathogens by competing for resources or by inducing defense responses in the plant. The specific types of mycorrhizal fungi and their effectiveness can vary depending on the plant species and soil conditions, highlighting the complexity and importance of these underground partnerships in ecosystems.