mielinizációt

Mielinization is a biological process that occurs in the nervous system, where a fatty substance called myelin is deposited around the axons of neurons. This process is crucial for the efficient transmission of electrical signals along the axons, which are the long, slender projections of neurons that transmit information to other neurons, muscles, or glands. Myelin acts as an insulator, allowing electrical signals to travel more quickly and efficiently over long distances. The deposition of myelin is facilitated by a type of glial cell called oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In the CNS, myelin is formed in a process called oligodendrocytic myelination, where oligodendrocytes extend processes that wrap around multiple axons. In the PNS, Schwann cells wrap around individual axons in a process called Schwann cell myelination. Myelinization is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system and is a critical factor in the development and maintenance of neural circuits. Dysfunction or disruption of myelinization can lead to various neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, and leukodystrophies. Research into the mechanisms of myelination and the factors that influence this process is an active area of study in neuroscience.