metüleerimiseks

Metüleerimiseks is the Estonian term for methylation, a fundamental biochemical process. It involves the transfer of a methyl group (CH3) from one molecule to another. This seemingly simple chemical reaction plays a crucial role in a vast array of biological functions within living organisms.

Methylation is a vital epigenetic mechanism, meaning it can alter gene expression without changing the underlying DNA sequence. In DNA methylation, a methyl group is added to a cytosine base, typically within CpG dinucleotides. This modification can silence genes, preventing them from being transcribed into proteins, and is essential for processes like embryonic development and cellular differentiation.

Beyond DNA, methylation also occurs on proteins, RNA, and other small molecules. Protein methylation, for instance, can influence protein-protein interactions, enzyme activity, and cellular signaling pathways. It is a dynamic process, with methyl groups being added and removed by specific enzymes called methyltransferases and demethylases, respectively. This reversible nature allows for rapid and precise regulation of cellular processes. Errors in methylation are implicated in various diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders, highlighting its importance in maintaining health.