merepõhjast

Merepõhjast refers to the bottom of the sea. It is a vast and diverse environment that covers over 70% of the Earth's surface. The conditions on the seafloor vary greatly depending on depth, proximity to land, and geological activity. In shallow coastal areas, sunlight can penetrate to the bottom, supporting plant life like seagrasses and algae. These areas are often rich in biodiversity, providing habitats for numerous species of fish, invertebrates, and marine mammals.

As depth increases, sunlight diminishes, leading to a complete absence of photosynthesis in the aphotic zone. Life in these deeper regions is adapted to extreme pressure, cold temperatures, and darkness. Many deep-sea organisms rely on chemosynthesis, deriving energy from chemical reactions, or on organic matter that drifts down from shallower waters. The seafloor itself can consist of various substrates, including sand, mud, gravel, rocks, and coral reefs. Hydrothermal vents, found in geologically active areas, support unique ecosystems based on chemical energy.

The study of the seafloor, known as bathymetry, is crucial for understanding oceanography, geology, and marine biology. It provides insights into plate tectonics, the distribution of marine resources, and the impact of human activities such as deep-sea mining and pollution. The preservation of the marine environment, including its diverse seafloor habitats, is a significant concern for conservation efforts worldwide.