makrofágokkal

Makrofágokkal are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system. The name "macrophage" comes from the Greek words "makros" meaning large and "phagein" meaning to eat, which accurately describes their primary function of engulfing and digesting cellular debris, foreign substances, microbes, cancer cells, and anything else that does not have the proper cell-surface proteins of healthy body cells.

These versatile cells are found in virtually all tissues, where they differentiate from monocytes that circulate in the bloodstream. Once in a tissue, monocytes transform into macrophages, adapting to their specific microenvironment. They are essential for both innate and adaptive immunity. In innate immunity, macrophages act as the first line of defense, recognizing and responding to pathogens through pattern recognition receptors. They release cytokines and chemokines, which recruit other immune cells to the site of infection or injury.

Beyond their phagocytic abilities, macrophages are also involved in initiating and regulating inflammatory responses. They present antigens to T cells, thereby linking innate and adaptive immunity. Furthermore, macrophages are critical for tissue repair and remodeling after injury or infection. They can clear away dead cells and damaged tissue, promoting regeneration. Dysregulation of macrophage function is implicated in a variety of diseases, including chronic inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. Their complex and multifaceted roles make them a central focus of immunological research.