lämpömäärän

Lämpömäärä, or heat quantity, is a term used in physics to describe the amount of thermal energy transferred between objects or systems due to a temperature difference. It is a form of energy and is measured in joules (J) in the International System of Units. In older units, it might be expressed in calories (cal) or kilocalories (kcal). Lämpömäärä is distinct from temperature, which is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles within a substance.

The transfer of lämpömäärä occurs through three primary mechanisms: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves the transfer of heat through direct contact, typically in solids. Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases). Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves, such as the heat from the sun.

The amount of lämpömäärä required to change the temperature of a substance is determined by its specific heat capacity and its mass. Specific heat capacity is a property of a material that indicates how much heat energy is needed to raise the temperature of one unit of mass by one degree Celsius or Kelvin. The formula Q = mcΔT relates the heat quantity (Q) to the mass (m), specific heat capacity (c), and the change in temperature (ΔT). Understanding lämpömäärä is fundamental to thermodynamics and has numerous applications in engineering, meteorology, and everyday life.