luteaalrakkude

Luteaalrakkude, known in English as luteal cells, are specialized cells found within the corpus luteum of the ovary. The corpus luteum forms from the remnants of the ovarian follicle following ovulation. These cells play a crucial role in the production of progesterone, a hormone essential for maintaining early pregnancy and regulation of the menstrual cycle.

Luteal cells are primarily derived from granulosa cells and theca cells of the follicle that undergo luteinization after ovulation. This transformation involves cellular hypertrophy and increased steroidogenic activity. The resulting luteal cells are categorized into two main types: large luteal cells and small luteal cells. Large luteal cells originate from granulosa cells and are characterized by their size and ability to produce significant amounts of progesterone. Small luteal cells, derived from theca interna cells, are smaller but also contribute to hormone secretion.

Functionally, luteal cells secrete progesterone, estrogen, and inhibin, which are vital for preparing the endometrium for potential implantation and supporting early pregnancy. The secretion of these hormones is regulated by luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary gland. If conception occurs, the corpus luteum is maintained by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG); if fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates through a process called luteolysis, leading to a decline in hormone levels and the initiation of menstruation.

In summary, luteal cells are essential components of the reproductive system, facilitating hormone production necessary for reproductive success and hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle.