lisäyssidoksia

Lisäyssidoksia, a Finnish term, translates to "additive bonds" or "addition bonds" in English. This concept is primarily encountered in the realm of chemistry, referring to a type of chemical bond formed by the addition of one molecule or ion to another without the loss of any atoms. In such a reaction, the atoms of the reactants are conserved and become part of the single product molecule.

This contrasts with other reaction types like condensation reactions, where a small molecule, such as water, is eliminated during bond formation. Addition bonds are characteristic of reactions involving unsaturated compounds, particularly those containing double or triple bonds. The pi electrons in these multiple bonds are more accessible and can readily participate in forming new sigma bonds with incoming species.

Examples of reactions that form addition bonds include the hydrogenation of alkenes and alkynes, where hydrogen molecules add across the carbon-carbon double or triple bond to form saturated alkanes. Another common example is the addition of halogens (like bromine) to alkenes. Electrophilic addition is a significant mechanism by which addition bonds are formed. The formation of addition bonds is crucial in many organic synthesis pathways and industrial processes, such as the production of polymers.