leukotritsit

Leukotrienes are a group of lipid compounds that are synthesized by leukocytes (white blood cells) and mast cells. They play a significant role in inflammatory processes, particularly in conditions like asthma and allergic rhinitis. Leukotrienes are derived from arachidonic acid, a fatty acid found in cell membranes. The synthesis pathway involves enzymes called lipoxygenases.

There are several types of leukotrienes, often designated by letters and numbers, such as LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4. These molecules exert their effects by binding to specific receptors on target cells. For example, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 are potent mediators of bronchoconstriction, increasing airway smooth muscle contraction, mucus secretion, and edema in the lungs. LTB4, on the other hand, is a chemoattractant, meaning it draws other inflammatory cells, like neutrophils, to the site of inflammation.

The role of leukotrienes in disease has led to the development of leukotriene receptor antagonists, a class of medications used to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis. These drugs block the action of leukotrienes at their receptors, thereby reducing inflammation and improving symptoms. Examples include montelukast and zafirlukast. Understanding leukotriene pathways is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies for inflammatory respiratory diseases.