leucotriene

Leukotrienes are a group of biologically active lipids that are released from cell membranes by the action of enzymes. They are involved in inflammatory responses and allergic reactions. Specifically, leukotrienes are synthesized from arachidonic acid by the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase. There are several types of leukotrienes, designated by letters and numbers, such as LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4. These molecules play a significant role in conditions like asthma and allergic rhinitis. They act by binding to specific receptors on target cells, leading to various effects. For instance, they can cause smooth muscle contraction, particularly in the airways, contributing to bronchoconstriction seen in asthma. They also promote increased vascular permeability and mucus secretion, further exacerbating inflammatory symptoms. Inhibitors of leukotriene synthesis or leukotriene receptor antagonists are therapeutic agents used to manage these inflammatory and allergic conditions. These medications work by blocking the pathways through which leukotrienes exert their effects, thereby reducing symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and nasal congestion.