külmasildu

Külmasild is an Estonian term that translates to "cold bridge" or "thermal bridge" in English. It refers to a section of a building's structure that has a lower thermal resistance than the surrounding materials. This means that heat can more easily transfer through the cold bridge, leading to energy loss and potential problems within the building.

Common examples of cold bridges include structural elements made of less insulating materials that penetrate the main insulation layer. This can occur at junctions between walls and floors, around windows and doors, or where balconies and other structural components are attached to the building's facade. Metal fasteners, concrete beams, and uninsulated timber elements can all act as cold bridges.

The consequences of cold bridges can be significant. They contribute to increased heating costs as warm air escapes the building and cold air enters. More importantly, cold spots on interior surfaces can lead to condensation. This moisture can foster the growth of mold and mildew, which are detrimental to both the building's fabric and the health of its occupants. Identifying and mitigating cold bridges is therefore an important aspect of building design and construction to ensure energy efficiency and a healthy indoor environment.