kõhukelmesse

Kõhukelme, also known as the peritoneum, is a large serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and most of the abdominal organs. It is a continuous sac, divided into two layers: the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum. The parietal peritoneum lines the inner surface of the abdominal wall and the pelvic cavity, while the visceral peritoneum directly covers the surface of most abdominal organs, such as the stomach, intestines, liver, and spleen. Between these two layers is a potential space called the peritoneal cavity, which normally contains a small amount of lubricating fluid.

The primary functions of the peritoneum include reducing friction between abdominal organs during movement, providing support and protection to the organs, and facilitating the passage of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves to and from the organs. It also plays a role in the immune system and in the absorption of fluids and solutes. Certain organs, like the kidneys and pancreas, are located behind the peritoneum and are described as retroperitoneal.

Inflammation of the peritoneum is known as peritonitis, a serious condition that can be caused by infection, trauma, or leakage of intestinal contents into the peritoneal cavity. Conditions affecting the peritoneum can lead to significant abdominal pain, fever, and other symptoms requiring prompt medical attention. The peritoneum is also a site for various surgical procedures and is involved in conditions like peritoneal dialysis.