kokonaisjäännöskloorin

Kokonaisjäännöskloori refers to the total amount of all chlorine-containing compounds present in a water sample after disinfection. This measurement is crucial in water treatment as it indicates the effectiveness of the chlorination process in eliminating harmful microorganisms. It encompasses both free available chlorine and combined available chlorine. Free available chlorine consists of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypochlorite ions (OCl-), which are the most potent disinfectants. Combined available chlorine is formed when free chlorine reacts with ammonia or organic nitrogen compounds, creating chloramines. While chloramines are less effective disinfectants than free chlorine, they offer a longer residual effect, meaning they can maintain a disinfectant presence in the distribution system for a longer period, thus preventing recontamination. Therefore, monitoring total residual chlorine helps water utilities ensure adequate disinfection throughout the water supply network while also managing the formation of disinfection byproducts, which can occur when chlorine reacts with organic matter. Regulatory standards typically set limits for both free and total residual chlorine to balance effective disinfection with public health concerns.