kinnitusliigendid

Kinnitusliigendid, also known as synovial joints, are the most common type of joint in the human body. They are characterized by the presence of a synovial membrane, which lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid. This fluid acts as a lubricant, reducing friction between the bones and allowing for smooth movement.

Synovial joints are further classified based on their shape and the type of movement they permit. Ball-and-socket joints, like the shoulder and hip, allow for a wide range of motion in multiple directions. Hinge joints, such as the elbow and knee, permit movement in a single plane, similar to a door hinge. Pivot joints, found in the neck, enable rotational movement. Saddle joints, like the thumb, allow for opposing movements. Condyloid joints, such as those in the wrist, permit flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction. Gliding joints, common in the wrists and ankles, allow for small, sliding movements between bones.

The smooth articular surfaces of the bones within a synovial joint are covered by articular cartilage, a resilient connective tissue that absorbs shock and further reduces friction. Ligaments, strong bands of fibrous tissue, surround and reinforce the joint, providing stability. The joint capsule encloses the joint cavity, maintaining the integrity of the joint and preventing the displacement of the bones. Diseases affecting synovial joints include osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout, all of which can cause pain, inflammation, and restricted movement.