keratinotsüütidesse

Keratinotsüütidesse are the predominant cell type found in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. These cells are responsible for producing keratin, a tough, fibrous protein that forms the structural basis of skin, hair, and nails. Keratinocytes originate in the basal layer of the epidermis, where they undergo continuous proliferation. As they mature, they migrate upwards towards the surface of the skin, undergoing a process of differentiation. During this differentiation, keratinocytes flatten, lose their nuclei and organelles, and accumulate increasing amounts of keratin. This process culminates in the formation of the stratum corneum, the outermost protective layer of the epidermis, composed of dead, flattened keratinocytes called corneocytes. These corneocytes are shed continuously and replaced by newly formed cells from the basal layer. The integrity of the epidermal barrier, crucial for preventing water loss and protecting against external pathogens, relies heavily on the proper formation and shedding of keratinocytes. Disruptions in keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, or shedding can lead to various skin conditions.