keratinotsüütideks

Keratinotsüütideks refers to keratinocytes, which are the main type of cells found in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. These cells are responsible for producing keratin, a tough, fibrous protein that forms the structural component of hair, nails, and the outer layers of skin. Keratinocytes originate in the basal layer of the epidermis, also known as the stratum basale. Here, they undergo cell division and begin a process of differentiation as they migrate towards the skin's surface.

As keratinocytes move upwards, they flatten and accumulate keratin. This transformation leads to the formation of different layers within the epidermis. The cells in the stratum spinosum are connected by desmosomes, giving them a spiny appearance. In the stratum granulosum, the cells flatten further and their nuclei and organelles begin to degenerate, while granules containing keratin and lipids accumulate. Finally, in the stratum corneum, the outermost layer, the keratinocytes are dead, flattened cells filled with keratin, forming a protective barrier against the environment. This continuous shedding and replacement of keratinocytes is crucial for skin health and function.