kemikalierbasiska

Kemikalierbasiska is the Swedish term for chemical bases. The term refers to substances characterized by their ability to accept protons or donate electron pairs and to increase the pH of solutions. In classical chemistry, bases are categorized in several ways. The Arrhenius definition considers bases as substances that release hydroxide ions in water. The Bronsted-Lowry definition broadens this to bases that accept protons, while the Lewis definition expands further to electron-pair donors. Bases can be inorganic (such as sodium hydroxide NaOH, potassium hydroxide KOH, ammonia NH3) or organic (amines, imines).

Strength varies: strong bases dissociate completely in water (e.g., NaOH, KOH); weak bases only partially. Base strength relates to the corresponding conjugate acid and the base's affinity for protons. Common properties include turning red litmus blue, having a slippery feel, and in many cases a bitter taste; safety concerns include corrosivity and caustic burns.

In reactions, bases neutralize acids to form salts and water. They are used for pH control, titrations, catalysis, and as reagents in synthesis. In industry and laboratories, bases are used to adjust reaction conditions, purify products, and in cleaning products.

Common examples include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, ammonia, and various carbonates and amines. Soil treatment uses lime (calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide) to raise pH. Handling requires appropriate protective equipment and storage away from acids.