kapasiteten

Kapasiteten is the term used to denote the maximum output or storage capability of a system within a defined set of conditions. It applies to manufacturing lines, data storage, energy networks, transportation, and services, and is distinct from actual output, which reflects performance under real-world conditions.

Types and measurement. Installed capacity represents the theoretical maximum given the existing assets. Designed or planned capacity reflects intended levels after expansion or upgrades. Effective or practical capacity accounts for downtime, maintenance, and process inefficiencies. Capacity is measured in units per time (units/hour), volume (liters, cubic meters), storage (bytes, terabytes), or energy (megawatts), depending on the domain.

Capacity utilization and planning. Capacity utilization expresses how much of the available capacity is actually used: actual output divided by capacity. High utilization can improve efficiency but may cause bottlenecks and reduce flexibility. Capacity planning aims to balance supply with expected demand, employing strategies such as expanding facilities, improving processes, outsourcing, shifting demand, or reducing demand through pricing or scheduling.

Dynamics and implications. Capacity is dynamic and can change with maintenance, asset aging, skills, technology, and policy or market conditions. In economics and operations, capacity constraints influence pricing, productivity, and competitiveness. Overcapacity leads to higher fixed costs and underutilization, while undercapacity risks unmet demand and lost opportunities.