kaotustega

Kaodustega is an Estonian grammatical form derived from the noun “kaotus,” meaning “loss” or “damage.” The suffix –ga creates an instrumental case, indicating accompaniment or means, so kaodustega translates roughly as “with losses” or “accompanied by losses.” The term is primarily used in technical, economic, and legal contexts to describe situations where a process, event, or transaction involves a measurable decrease in value, resources, or assets.

In statistical reporting, kaodustega frequently appears in statements such as “tulud on kaodustega võrreldes eelmise aastaga,” meaning “revenues are lower compared with the previous year.” In insurance documentation, the phrase may denote claims that result in net losses for the insurer. The construction follows standard Estonian case rules: the base noun takes the instrumental suffix –ga, and any adjectives agree in case and number.

Although not a proper noun, kaodustega can function as a lexicalized adjective in specific industry jargon, particularly in agriculture, where crop yields are described as “kaodustega” when affected by adverse weather. Outside these specialized uses, the form is uncommon in everyday speech, where the simple genitive or partitive constructions are preferred. The word exemplifies the flexibility of Estonian inflection in conveying nuanced quantitative relationships.