juurtesüsteemist

The juurtesüsteem, or root system, is the underground part of a vascular plant. Its primary functions include anchoring the plant to the soil, absorbing water and dissolved minerals, and storing food reserves. The root system also plays a crucial role in the plant's interaction with the soil environment, influencing soil structure and supporting microbial communities.

The basic structure of a root system consists of a primary root, which grows downwards from the embryo, and secondary roots that branch off from the primary root. Different types of root systems exist, such as the taproot system, characterized by a dominant central root, and the fibrous root system, composed of numerous thin, branching roots. The specific morphology of a root system is adapted to the plant's environment and needs, affecting its ability to access resources and withstand physical forces.

Root hairs, tiny extensions of epidermal cells, significantly increase the surface area for absorption of water and nutrients. The internal structure of a root is organized into distinct tissues, including the epidermis, cortex, and vascular cylinder, each with specialized roles in protection, storage, and transport. The root tip is a region of active growth, protected by a root cap that lubricates its passage through the soil.