jednowwartosciowych

Jednowartosciowych is a Polish term that translates to "monovalent" or "univalent" in English. It is primarily used in chemistry and medicine to describe substances or entities that can form only one bond or have only one reactive site.

In chemistry, a monovalent atom or ion can participate in a single chemical bond. Examples include hydrogen (H), sodium (Na), and chloride (Cl) ions. Understanding valency is crucial for predicting how atoms will combine to form molecules and compounds.

In medicine and pharmacology, the term "monovalent" often refers to vaccines. A monovalent vaccine protects against a single strain or type of a pathogen, such as a specific strain of influenza virus. This is in contrast to polyvalent or multivalent vaccines, which protect against multiple strains or types of pathogens. For instance, a monovalent flu vaccine would target only one specific flu virus, while a quadrivalent vaccine would target four different ones. The development and use of monovalent vaccines are often considered when a particular pathogen or strain poses a significant and specific threat, or when a targeted immune response is desired.