jähmettymispiste

Jähmettymispiste, also known as freezing point, refers to the temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid at a given pressure. For pure substances, the freezing point is the same as the melting point, the temperature at which a solid transforms into a liquid. This equilibrium temperature is a characteristic property of a substance and is dependent on pressure. As pressure increases, the freezing point of most substances increases, though water is a notable exception where increased pressure lowers the freezing point.

The process of freezing involves the formation of a crystalline structure from the disordered liquid state. This occurs when the kinetic energy of the molecules decreases to a point where intermolecular forces can hold them in fixed positions. The latent heat of fusion is released during this phase transition, meaning heat must be removed from the substance for it to freeze.

The freezing point of a substance can be altered by the presence of impurities. For instance, dissolving salt in water lowers its freezing point. This phenomenon, known as freezing point depression, is a colligative property, meaning it depends on the concentration of solute particles rather than their identity. This principle is utilized in various applications, such as de-icing roads and preventing liquids from freezing in cold environments. Understanding the freezing point is crucial in fields like chemistry, physics, meteorology, and engineering.