isoformákat

Isoformákat refers to different forms of a protein or RNA molecule that arise from the same gene. This process, known as alternative splicing, allows a single gene to produce multiple distinct protein products, each with potentially different functions or properties. In the case of RNA, isoforms can differ in their sequence, structure, or the presence of specific regulatory elements. These variations are crucial for increasing the complexity and functional repertoire of genomes.

The generation of isoforms is a highly regulated process that occurs in eukaryotes. It involves the selective inclusion or exclusion of certain exons during the transcription and splicing of messenger RNA (mRNA). Different cell types or developmental stages can express specific isoforms, contributing to cellular differentiation and specialized functions. The study of isoforms is vital for understanding gene regulation, protein diversity, and the molecular basis of various biological processes and diseases. Researchers analyze isoform expression patterns to gain insights into cellular mechanisms and identify potential therapeutic targets.