intraossös
Intraosseous access, abbreviated IO, is the administration of medications, fluids, and blood products directly into the marrow cavity of a bone. The method provides rapid, reliable vascular access when traditional intravenous routes are difficult or time consuming, such as in shock, cardiac arrest, severe trauma, or pediatric patients.
IO has historical roots in early 20th century practice and has evolved with modern devices that allow
Indications for IO access include emergency resuscitation, rapid administration of large fluid boluses, blood products, and
Contraindications include infection at the insertion site, fracture or severe injury of the target bone, periosteal
Overall, intraosseous access is a well-established emergency technique that enhances rapid drug and fluid delivery when