interneuronální

Interneuronální refers to a type of neuron in the central nervous system that connects other neurons. These neurons are not motor neurons, which transmit signals from the central nervous system to muscles or glands, nor are they sensory neurons, which transmit signals from sensory receptors to the central nervous system. Instead, interneurons form complex networks within the brain and spinal cord, playing a crucial role in processing information and modulating neural activity.

The vast majority of neurons in the mammalian brain are interneurons. Their primary function is to integrate and modulate the activity of other neurons, allowing for sophisticated processing of sensory input and generation of motor output. They can be excitatory, increasing the likelihood of firing in connected neurons, or inhibitory, decreasing the likelihood of firing. This balance between excitation and inhibition is fundamental to normal brain function.

Interneurons are incredibly diverse in their morphology, electrophysiological properties, and molecular expression. This diversity contributes to the complexity and specificity of neural circuits. Different types of interneurons are responsible for a wide range of functions, including sensory processing, motor control, learning, memory, and consciousness. Disruptions in interneuron function have been implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders.