insuliinianalogeja

Insulin analogs are modified forms of human insulin engineered to alter the pharmacokinetic properties of the molecule. By changing the amino acid sequence or formulation, these analogs absorb more quickly or act more slowly than regular human insulin, allowing more precise control of blood glucose through basal-bolus regimens or continuous subcutaneous insulin therapy. They are used to improve glycemic control in people with diabetes and are administered by subcutaneous injection, with some also suitable for use in insulin pumps.

Rapid-acting insulin analogs, such as lispro, aspart, and glulisine, are designed to start acting within minutes after injection, reach a peak within about one to three hours, and last around three to five hours. Short-acting regular human insulin has a slower onset (about 30 to 60 minutes) and a longer duration (roughly six to eight hours). Long-acting and ultra-long-acting analogs provide a more constant basal level; examples include glargine and detemir (with onset around one to two hours and a near-peakless profile lasting about 24 hours) and degludec (an ultra-long-acting analog with a duration exceeding 42 hours).

Clinical use typically involves combining a basal analog with a rapid-acting analog at mealtimes to mimic physiological insulin rhythms. They are employed in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and can be delivered via injections or used in continuous subcutaneous infusion for pump therapy. Safety concerns center on the risk of hypoglycemia, weight gain, and injection-site reactions, as with other insulin therapies. Regulatory approvals and brand names vary by country, reflecting ongoing evaluation of efficacy and safety across diverse patient populations.