impietatis

Impietas is a Latin term that translates to impiety or ungodliness. In ancient Roman society, it referred to a failure to respect the gods, their rites, and the religious duties owed to them. This could encompass a range of behaviors, from neglecting sacrifices and festivals to actively challenging divine authority or disrespecting sacred places. The concept was central to maintaining the social and cosmic order, as Romans believed that their prosperity and the stability of the state were directly linked to the gods' favor, which in turn depended on proper piety.

Accusations of impietas could have serious consequences. Individuals found guilty might face social ostracization, legal penalties, or even accusations of treason. The Roman state often employed religious officials and magistrates to investigate and punish such offenses. The opposite of impietas was pietas, which denoted dutiful reverence towards the gods, family, and the state. Maintaining pietas was considered a fundamental virtue for Roman citizens, contributing to their moral character and their standing within the community. The concept of impietas highlights the pervasive role of religion in ancient Roman life and its connection to civic responsibility.