hypotonická

Hypotonicity refers to a condition where the concentration of solutes outside a cell is lower than inside the cell. This imbalance causes water to move into the cell, leading to swelling and potential cell damage or death. Hypotonicity can occur in various biological contexts, including intracellular and extracellular environments.

In intracellular hypotonicity, the cell's internal environment becomes less concentrated than the external environment. This can happen due to the release of intracellular solutes, such as during cell lysis or the action of certain enzymes. The resulting influx of water can lead to cell swelling and potential rupture.

Extracellular hypotonicity occurs when the external environment becomes less concentrated than the cell's internal environment. This can happen due to the dilution of extracellular fluids, such as in hypotonic saline solutions used in medical settings. The influx of water into cells can lead to swelling and potential damage, particularly in red blood cells, which can lyse and release hemoglobin into the bloodstream.

Hypotonicity is a critical concept in various fields, including cell biology, physiology, and medicine. Understanding the mechanisms and consequences of hypotonicity is essential for developing strategies to prevent and treat related disorders.