hypomaania

Hypomania is a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy, lasting at least four consecutive days and present most of the day, nearly every day. It is a less severe form of mania and is a core feature of bipolar II disorder. During hypomanic episodes, individuals may experience a decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, increased talkativeness, distractibility, and an inflated sense of self-esteem or grandiosity. They might also engage in activities that are pleasurable but have a high potential for painful consequences, such as impulsive spending, sexual indiscretions, or foolish business investments.

Unlike full mania, hypomanic episodes do not typically cause significant impairment in social or occupational functioning, nor do they necessitate hospitalization. Psychotic features are also absent in hypomania. The elevated mood can sometimes be perceived positively by the individual and those around them, leading to increased productivity, creativity, or sociability. However, this elevated state can still be disruptive and is a critical indicator for diagnosis and treatment. Recognizing hypomania is crucial as it can precede or follow depressive episodes, forming the characteristic mood swings of bipolar II disorder.