hisztidindekarboxiláz

Hisztidindekarboxiláz, also known as histidine decarboxylase (HDC), is an enzyme. It is primarily responsible for the biosynthesis of histamine from the amino acid histidine. This reaction involves the removal of a carboxyl group from histidine, a process called decarboxylation. HDC is found in a variety of organisms, including mammals, bacteria, and plants, though its specific roles can differ.

In mammals, histidine decarboxylase plays a crucial role in the production of histamine, a biogenic amine. Histamine is involved in numerous physiological processes. These include mediating allergic responses, regulating gastric acid secretion, acting as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and contributing to the immune system. The enzyme is particularly important in mast cells, basophils, and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the stomach.

The activity of histidine decarboxylase is tightly regulated. Its expression and function can be influenced by various factors, including cellular differentiation, inflammation, and hormonal signals. Defects or dysregulation of HDC activity have been linked to a range of conditions, from inflammatory diseases and allergies to gastrointestinal disorders. Research into HDC continues to explore its multifaceted roles in health and disease, as well as potential therapeutic targets.