hipokalémia

Hypokalemia is a medical condition characterized by abnormally low levels of potassium in the blood. Potassium is an essential electrolyte that plays a crucial role in nerve and muscle function, including the heart. Symptoms of hypokalemia can vary in severity and may include muscle weakness, fatigue, constipation, and abnormal heart rhythms. In severe cases, it can lead to paralysis and life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias.

The causes of hypokalemia are diverse. Common culprits include diuretic medications, vomiting, diarrhea, excessive sweating, and certain hormonal disorders like hyperaldosteronism. Dietary deficiencies are less common causes in developed countries. Certain medical conditions, such as kidney disease or malabsorption syndromes, can also contribute to low potassium levels.

Diagnosis of hypokalemia is typically made through a blood test to measure serum potassium levels. An electrocardiogram (ECG) may also be performed to assess for any cardiac abnormalities. Treatment focuses on correcting the low potassium level and addressing the underlying cause. This may involve potassium supplements taken orally or intravenously, as well as managing conditions that lead to potassium loss. Dietary changes, such as increasing intake of potassium-rich foods like bananas, spinach, and potatoes, can also be recommended. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent serious complications.