hibridómatechnológiával

Hybridoma technology is a method for producing monoclonal antibodies. It was developed by Georges Köhler and César Milstein in 1975. The technique involves fusing antibody-producing B lymphocytes with myeloma cells, which are cancerous plasma cells. This fusion creates a hybrid cell line called a hybridoma.

The advantage of hybridoma technology is that the resulting hybridoma cells are immortal, meaning they can divide indefinitely in culture. They also retain the ability of the B lymphocytes to produce a specific antibody. By selecting for hybridomas that produce the desired antibody, researchers can create a continuous supply of that single antibody type. These are known as monoclonal antibodies because they are all derived from a single clone of B cells.

The process typically begins with immunizing an animal, such as a mouse, with an antigen of interest. The animal's spleen, rich in B lymphocytes, is then harvested. These B cells are fused with myeloma cells using a fusing agent like polyethylene glycol. The mixture is then cultured in a special medium that allows only the fused hybridoma cells to survive and multiply. Individual hybridoma cells are then isolated and screened to identify those producing the target antibody. Positive hybridomas are then cultured in large quantities to generate a sufficient supply of monoclonal antibodies.

Hybridoma technology has been crucial for many advancements in medicine and research, including diagnostic tests, therapeutic treatments, and fundamental biological studies. It allows for the precise targeting of specific molecules, which is essential for many biological and medical applications.