heparánszulfát

Heparanszulfát is a glycosaminoglycan found on the surface of many cells and in the extracellular matrix. It is a linear polysaccharide composed of repeating disaccharide units, typically containing uronic acid and glucosamine residues. The specific structure of heparanszulfát can vary depending on the cell type and tissue, leading to a diverse range of biological functions.

Heparanszulfát plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including cell adhesion, cell growth, and signal transduction. It acts as a binding site for numerous growth factors and cytokines, thereby modulating their activity and influencing cellular responses. For instance, it is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as in inflammatory and immune responses.

Furthermore, heparanszulfát is an important component of the basement membrane, a specialized extracellular matrix that underlies epithelial and endothelial cells. Its presence in the basement membrane contributes to its structural integrity and acts as a selective barrier, regulating the passage of molecules and cells.

Alterations in heparanszulfát structure or abundance have been linked to various diseases, including cancer, viral infections, and developmental disorders. Research into the synthesis, structure, and function of heparanszulfát continues to shed light on its multifaceted roles in health and disease.