helixes
A helix is a smooth space curve obtained when a point moves around a fixed axis with constant angular velocity while also advancing parallel to the axis. This combination of constant radius about the axis and constant rise per turn produces a three‑dimensional spiral that is not confined to a plane. When the cross‑section around the axis is circular, the curve is called a circular helix; more general helices may have other cross‑sections or orientations of the axis.
In common parametrizations, a circular helix around the z‑axis is written as x = R cos t, y
Geometrically, circular helices have constant curvature κ and torsion τ, given by κ = R/(R² + a²) and τ = a/(R² + a²)
Helices occur in nature and technology. The DNA double helix is a famous biological example, with a