hasnyálmirigysejtek

Pancreatic acinar cells are the most abundant cell type in the exocrine pancreas. They are responsible for synthesizing and secreting digestive enzymes, such as amylase, lipase, and proteases, which are crucial for breaking down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine. These cells are organized into acini, which are grape-like clusters, and are characterized by abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and apical zymogen granules containing inactive enzyme precursors.

The synthesis of digestive enzymes begins with transcription of genes in the nucleus, followed by translation on ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The enzymes are then processed and packaged into zymogen granules. These granules are stored in the apical region of the acinar cell and are released into the pancreatic duct system upon stimulation by hormones like cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin, or by vagal nerve input. This exocytosis process is tightly regulated and essential for efficient digestion.

Dysfunction or damage to pancreatic acinar cells can lead to various gastrointestinal disorders, including pancreatitis, a condition characterized by inflammation of the pancreas. Chronic pancreatitis can result in a significant loss of acinar cell function, leading to maldigestion and malabsorption of nutrients. Research into pancreatic acinar cells is ongoing, aiming to understand their development, function, and role in disease, with potential therapeutic targets for pancreatic disorders.